he specific aspects of Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) for near Surface and thin film characterization are discussed.The application of IBA Techniques in material science, Surface physics, thin film deposition and crystal growth has been investigated. In this paper, we report some new obtained results in Van De Graaff Laboratory on the different samples after installation of Channeling and Micro-Beam systems. The aim of this paper is description of the IBA Techniques capabilities in material analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Root canal Preparation is an important process in endodontic therapy.Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary file system can be used in single length technique (simultaneous technique) without early coronal enlargement, as well as in crown-down method. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare single length with crown-down methods’ shaping ability using Mtwo NiTi files.MATERIALS & METHODS: Fifteen acrylic-resin blocks containing simulated canals were divided into two experimental groups. In group A, single length technique was used and in group B root canals were prepared by crown-down technique. Pre-and post-Preparation canals were photographed in a standardized manner and were superimposed. The inner and outer walls of canal curvature were evaluated at three points (apical, middle and coronal) to determine the greatest change. The data was statistically analyzed using the Student t-test by Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software.RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that in group B, dentine was equally removed within the canal coronal to the curvature, whereas in group A, the inner wall was predominantly removed (P<0.01). The two groups had no significant difference at the apical and middle points of the canal curvature.CONCLUSION: Our in vitro study revealed no significant difference between the single length method and crown-down technique using Mtwo for Preparation of apical and middle portion of canal curvature.

To find a suitable treatment in the Preparation of Nb Surface for platinum electrodeposition, different methods such as thermal oxidation, anodic oxidation, mechanical roughening, and mechanical roughening with subsequent anodic etching were examined. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to study the chemical composition of depth analysis of the Surface. Moreover, in order to examine the morphology and Surface roughness, the samples were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the most appropriate method for niobium Surface Preparation is mechanical roughening by shot blasting or abrading with emery and then anodic etching at the current density of 200A/m2 for 40 min. in a solution containing 95% methanol, 2.5% hydrofluoric acid, and 2.5% hydrochloric acid at the temperature of 35oC.

In recent years, there has been extensive research on the synthesis of Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate (CS/TPP) nanoparticles. However, the influence of different parameters and their interactions on nanoparticles is not well known yet. The purpose of the present study is to use machine-learning Techniques, Random Forests (RF), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), to estimate the size and zeta potential of nanoparticles based on chitosan and tripolyphosphate concentrations, chitosan molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, pH, temperature, stirring rate, and their interactions. Machine-learning algorithms successfully estimated the size and zeta potential of nanoparticles spanning a size range from 50 to 1000 nm. The random forest algorithm had better overall R-squared accuracy of 0.95211 and 0.93978 in comparison to ANN model with R-squared accuracy of 0.94744 and 0.93643 for particle size and zeta potential, respectively. Results depicted that temperature and stirring rate did not have significant effects on the size and zeta potential. On the other hand, CS concentration and pH were the most important parameters on the size and zeta potential, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicated that the primary cause for the unexplained variation in prior studies stemmed from the interactions among parameters. Moreover, a correlation exists between size and zeta potential, attributed to the interaction of attractive and repulsive electrostatic charges, ionic interactions, and the quantity of CS molecules.